The rapid advancement of technology has increased our reliance on axial flux permanent magnet machines (AFPMMs), making Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) essential for modern, lightweight designs. This study reviews PCB roles in AFPMMs for low- and high-power applications by examining research from 2019 to 2024. Using the PRISMA methodology, 38 articles from IEEE Xplore and Web of Science were analyzed. This review focuses on advancements in PCB manufacturing, defect mitigation, winding topologies, software tools, and optimization methods. A structured Boolean search strategy (“Printed Circuit Board” OR “PCB” AND “axial flux permanent magnet machine” OR “AFPM”) guided the literature retrieval process. Articles were meticulously screened using the Rayyan software for titles, abstracts, and content, with duplicate removal performed via the Mendeley software V2.120.0. Findings show significant progress in lightweight AFPMMs with PCBs, improving power quality and performance. Research activity over the 6 years showed inconsistent growth, with concentrated trapezoidal winding emerging as the dominant configuration, followed by distributed winding designs. These configurations were particularly applied in single stator double rotor (SSDR) coreless AFPM machines, characterized by minimal defects, minimal losses, and optimized single-layer winding designs utilizing tools such as ANSYS and COMSOL. Growing interest in double stator single rotor (DSSR) and multi-disk configurations highlights opportunities for innovative designs and advanced optimization techniques.
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